hronic pain is a multidimensional phenomenon shaped by sensory, affective, and behavioural components; however, in  routine clinical practice its assessment is  frequently limited to  unidimensional intensity scales. This constrains comprehensive evaluation of  the pain experience and  limits the  implementation of  personalised treatment strategies.

Objective. To  evaluate the  multidimensional structure of  subjective pain experience in  patients with different types of chronic pain using the SPAASMS scale, to identify between-group differences, and  to  assess the  impact of  sociodemographic factors on  the pain feeling.

A total of 302 adult outpatients with chronic pain lasting more than 3 months (after screening, n = 340) were examined. The study was conducted using a proactive psychiatric approach in accordance with ICD-10, taking into account the updated criteria of the ICD-11. Patients were stratified into five groups: primary psychogenic pain (PPP1), primary psychophysiological pain (PPP2), mixed primary psychogenic and psychophysiological pain (PPP3), secondary mixed pain (SMP), and secondary organic pain (SOP). Pain assessment was performed using the  SPAASMS scale. Statistical analysis included the  Kruskal–Wallis test, post hoc pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni correction, and Spearman correlation analysis (p  ≤  0.05).

Pain intensity measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS) did not differ significantly between groups (p  >0.05). In  contrast, all SPAASMS subscales demonstrated significant between-group differences (p < 0.001–0.01). The highest levels of subjective pain were observed in PPP1, PPP3, and  SMP groups, whereas the  lowest were found in  the SOP group (p  <  0.001). Physical functioning, sleep quality, and mood contributed most substantially to  the overall pain structure, while treatment-related side effects were minimal. Age  and financial status were significantly associated with subjective pain assessment, with effects varying across pain types.

The  SPAASMS scale enables identification of  distinct pain profiles depending on  pain type and sociodemographic context and may serve as a valuable tool for comprehensive assessment and  longitudinal monitoring of  treatment outcomes.