An article may be retracted at the initiative of the author, the author’s institution, or a third party in the event of violations of publication ethics or other deficiencies (plagiarism or improper use of text, ideas, data, or research results; the discovery of errors or inaccuracies that affect the research results; lack of proper citations to primary sources; republication of the same article in another publication; inclusion of authors who did not make a substantial scientific contribution to the research, or exclusion of authors who did make such a contribution; the presence of a conflict of interest that could have influenced or did influence the research results, etc.). After retraction, the article is retained in the journal’s archive with a clear indication of its retraction.

The retraction procedure includes: preliminary review and analysis of the issue (formation of a committee, request for clarification), providing the author with an opportunity to respond, a decision by the editorial board, and publication of a retraction notice.

The retraction notice should include: the title of the article and its DOI, the full names of all authors, the publication date, the initiators of the retraction, the reasons for the retraction, and the date of the retraction.

The technical process of retraction is carried out as follows: the PDF and HTML versions of the article are marked as “Retracted”; a similar mark is added to the DOI; information about the retraction is sent to all databases in which the journal is indexed; and a link to the retraction notice is added to the journal’s archive.

The retraction period is 6–8 weeks.