This article is devoted to the analysis of the neuroimaging picture of the most common types of encephalopathies. In particular, in 2021 and 2022, we examined 520 patients with post-traumatic encephalopathy (TE) (n = 145), vascular encephalopathy (VE) in case of chronic brain ischemia (n = 145), alcoholic encephalopathy (AE) (n = 102), and post-infectious encephalopathy (PIE) (n = 128).

We studied the neuroimaging characteristics of each of these subtypes, their features and frequency. Thus, we established that the most frequent expansion of the ventricles was observed in patients with VE (53.79 %), which probably exceeded the similar indicator in patients with TE (by 26.89 %), with AE (by 15.55 %) and from PIE (by 37.38 %). Expansion of the subarachnoid spaces was equally common in the groups of patients with TE (38.62 %) and VE (40.00 %), with a probable difference in relation to the group with PIE (7.81 %). Patients with AE (60.78 %) had significantly more frequent manifestations of gliosis than patients with TE (47.59 %). The highest frequency of cystic changes was observed in the group with TE (45.05 %), which significantly exceeded the indicators of other groups. The correlations between neuroimaging changes and clinical syndromes were clarified.