The article deals with the defi nition, etiology and pathogenesis, the primary diagnosis of adaptation disturbances (AD) in demobilized combatants who are undergoing rehabilitation in sanatoriumresort conditions. Attention is paid to the effectiveness of medico-psychological rehabilitation of combatants with psychological adjustment disorders in sanatorium-resort conditions, using individual (cognitive-behavioral), group psychotherapy, as well as autogenic-training method. The degree of development of mental disorders in soldiers in a combat situation is shown. The main psychopathological manifestations in patients with AD are highlighted. The results of the study of pathogenic situational factors and premorbid personality traits contributing to impaired adaptation are presented.