Among modern studies of the participation of the immune system in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in military — veterans and combatants — the study of immunological mechanisms in the most acute and acute periods, which include the first hours, days and weeks after receiving combat TBI, prevails. In this regard, it is of particular relevance to determine the features of immuno-logical reactivity due to traumatization of the nervous system in terms of the chronicity of the course of mild TBI, also taking into account the high motivation of combatants to return to the battlefield, which contributes to their ability to minimize the severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms. All this dictates the need to create effective clinical recommendations to prevent complications of mild TBI based on objective indicators, rather than subjective sensations. The aim of the work was a comparative analysis of the indicators of the humoral link of immunological reactivity, natural nonspecific resistance of the organism and the central and peripheral representation of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators of the immune system in patients with combat TBI in the aspect of its chronic course. As a result of the generalization of the obtained data, signs of neuroinflammation were noted in the acute period (1.22±0.19 months), which persist in combatants in the intermediate (6.39±0.74 months) and remote (13.43±1.13 months) periods, which may be the basis for the development of complications with further aggravation of neuropsychiatric deficit.