Home » Archive of numbers » 2024 » Volume 32, issue 4 (121) » FEATURES OF IMPAIRED BIOELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN IN PATIENTS WITH CONSEQUENCES OF COMBAT TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY DEPENDING ON THE SEVERITY

FEATURES OF IMPAIRED BIOELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN IN PATIENTS WITH CONSEQUENCES OF COMBAT TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY DEPENDING ON THE SEVERITY

Authors

Chernenko Inna

Type of Article

Scientific Article

In the Section

MECHANISMS OF FORMATION AND MODERN PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS

Key words

bioelectrical brain activity, combat traumatic brain injury, electroencephalography, cognitive impairment, syndromes

Index UDK:

616.8-06: [612.825:616-008]

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36927/2079-0325-V32-is4-2024-12

Abstract

In the context of modern military conflicts, this problem is of particular importance dueto the growing number of patients with such injuries. According to statistics, every thirdpatient with TBI has a wide range of neurological, cognitive and mental disorders that significantly affect the quality of life. It is known that the pathogenesis of post-traumatic disordersmay be associated with the dysfunction of nonspecific brain structures, including the limbicreticular complex (LRC). One of the key methods of assessing the functional state of the brainis electroencephalography (EEG), which allows to detect abnormalities in the bioelectricalactivity of the brain (BEAB).The aim of this study is to determine the peculiarities of BEAB changes in patients withconsequences of TBI and their correlation with clinical manifestations.The study involved 350 patients with consequences of TBI. The patients were divided intogroups depending on the severity of the injury: 145 people with mild TBI (mTBI), 125 peoplewith moderate TBI (MtTBI) and 80 people with severe TBI (sTBI). Injury history was also takeninto account: from 6 months to 1 year, from 1 year to 3 years, and from 4 years to 7 years.The average age was 38.5 ± 1.5 years. The control group consisted of 30 healthy individualswithout TBI. All patients underwent a clinical and neurological examination to assess the neurological status and identify the main syndromes, as well as electroencephalography (EEG) withanalysis of focal EEG changes and basic brain activity rhythms. EEG recording was performedusing the NeuroCom "KHAI-Medica" electroencephalographic complex, STC of RadioelectronicMedical Devices and Technologies of the National Aerospace University "KHAI", in patientswho did not have open wounds and postoperative sutures at the site of electrode application,metal fragments and metal plates in the head and neck area, which can lead to the appearanceof artefacts during EEG recording. We examined 97 patients with (mTBI) (66.9 %), 80 patientswith MtTBI (64.0 %) and 47 patients with sTBI (58.75 %)Based on the results obtained, it can be said that the vast majority of patients with mTBIhad mild or moderate changes in the EEG. This was dominated by a modulated "spindleshaped" alpha-rhythm, with an emphasis on the middle and posterior brain regions. In forebrain, a beta-rhythm was recorded with an average amplitude of 15-20 µV and a frequencyof 14-24 oscillations per second. Zonal differences were preserved. Thus, only 34 patients(35.05 %) of this group had dysfunction of the diencephalic brainstem structures. In patientswith MtTBI normal EEG parameters are almost absent. Thus, dysfunction of the diencephalicstem structures of the brain was recorded in 32 (40.0 %). Minor focal symptoms were presentin 28 (35.0 %), and paroxysmal activity was detected in 11 patients (13.75 %). The remainingpatients had spontaneous epileptic activity. The group with TBI also had no normal EEGfindings. Dysfunction of the diencephalic brainstem structures was recorded in 18 (38.2 %)patients, focal activity was observed in 17 (36.2 %), and paroxysmal activity in 8 (17.02 %)patients. Spontaneous epi-activity occurred in 4 (8.51 %) of the patients. Patients with MtTBIand sTBI had no reaction to hyperventilation. There was an increase in synchronization withan increase in the amplitude of biopotentials in the form of acute waves of the alpha range,increased disorganization of the alpha rhythm, and the appearance of acute and slow waves.The appearance of a high amplitude alpha rhythm indicates depression of brain biopotentials,apparently due to insufficient hemodynamics and brain hypoxia.Thus, disorders of electrogenesis reflect dysregulation of the brain and its response to insufficient blood supply, which were found in groups of patients with MtTBI and sTBI. The BEABstudy showed that the consequences of TBI are characterized by changes in the frequencyand amplitude of alpha-rhythm, which indicate dysfunction of nonspecific brain structuresas a result of mTBI and are close to those in patients with MtTBI and sTBI. The more severethe TBI, the more pronounced changes in BEAB were observed in patients with MtTBI and sTBI.

Pages

64-69

Year / Issue

2024, Volume 32, issue 4 (121)

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FEATURES OF IMPAIRED BIOELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN IN PATIENTS WITH CONSEQUENCES OF COMBAT TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY DEPENDING ON THE SEVERITY

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