The article raises the question of the reasons for the difference in the nosological structure of dementia in Ukraine and the world and the reasons for the insufficient level of diagnosis of this pathology.

The aim of the work was to conduct an analysis of the clinical diagnosis of dementia based on the data of the primary documentation of inpatients of the CE "Regional Institution of Mental Psychiatric Care of the Poltava Regional Council" for 2023. 626 medical histories of patients with a diagnosis of dementia, data of neuroimaging, neurophysiological and laboratory examinations, examinations of related specialists were analyzed. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the main problems encountered by practicing doctors in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the main clinical forms of dementia were identified and systematized

It has been established that the complex work of a family doctor, a psychiatrist, a neurologist, an infectious disease specialist, and doctors of instrumental diagnostics is necessary for correct lifetime diagnosis of dementia. In addition to a careful analysis of clinical phenomena, it is necessary to carefully collect the anamnesis, analyze the data of electroencephalography, neuroimaging and laboratory examination methods. A correctly established clinical type of dementia will allow prescribing adequate therapy, which in turn will lead to an increase in the quality and duration of the patient’s life, a halt in progression, and in some cases to a regression of symptoms of cognitive deficits.