362 patients with cognitive impairment in depressive disorders were examined: 123 patients with recurrent depressive disorder (RDD), 141 patients with bipolar affective disorder (BAD) and 98 patients with prolonged depressive reaction (PDR). A set of research methods was used: clinical-psychopathological and statistical. As a result of the study, the clinical and psychopathological features of affective disorders in different types of depressive disorders were identified: a predominance of apathy, emotional lability, hypothymia, anxiety, feelings of dissatisfaction, despair and anhedonia were identified in patients with RDD; a low mood, apathy, emotional coldness, hypothymia, ambivalence of emotions, dysphoria, dissatisfaction, feelings of sadness and annoyance were identified in patients with BAD; a feelings of despair, anxiety, dissatisfaction, hypothymia, fear, sadness, feelings of horror and fear, emotional lability, feelings of anger, hostility and shame and sensitivity were dominated in patients with PDR.